Common diseases
Gout |
Hypertension |
Infection |
Pain |
Depression |
Migraine |
Allergies |
Hyperlipidaemia |
Spasticity |
Asthma |
COPD |
Osteoporosis |
Epilepsy |
Neuropathic Pain |
Bipolar Disorder |
Anxiety |
Stroke |
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia |
Heart Failure |
Thromboembolism |
Gastro-oesophageal Reflex |
Hypothyroidism |
Hyperthyroidism |
Insomnia |
Diabetes |
Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Psoriasis |
Crohn's Disease |
Autoimmunity |
Cluster Headaches |
Urolithiasis |
Pharmacological treatment of pain
Acute pain? |
Chronic pain? |
Neuropathic pain? |
Pain + inflammation? |
Pain + cancer? |
Pain intensity? |
Drugs for neuropathic pain
Amitriptyline:
- Tricyclic antidepressant
- Increase brain serotonin
- Mood effects |
Carbamazepine:
- Decreases neuronal excitability
- Anti-epileptic |
Gabapentin & pregabalin:
- Decreases release of excitatory neurotransmitters
- Anti-epileptic |
Drugs for hypertension
Amlodipine:
- Ca+ channel blocker (vasodilation) |
Bendroflumethiazide:
- Diuretic |
Furosemide:
- Diuretic |
Lisinopril & Ramipril:
- Inhibits angiotensin-converting enzyme |
Drugs for anxiety & depression
Amitriptyline |
Carbamazepine |
Citalopram |
Fluoxetine |
Pregabalin |
Setraline |
Diazepam |
Immunosuppressants
Steroids: Prednisolone & Dexamethasone |
Methotrexate: used in autoimmune diseases |
Drugs for migraines
Amitriptyline |
Codeine |
Sumatriptan: selective serotonin receptor agonist |
Drugs that affect blood coagulation
Clopidogrel: inhibition of platelet aggregation |
Heparin: inactivation of thrombin & other coagulation factors |
Rivaroxaban: anticoagulant, anti-thrombotic |
Warfarin: inhibition of K vitamin & synthesis of active clotting factors |
Drugs for COPD
Beclometasone: steroid, asthma |
Salbutamol: bronchodilator, asthma |
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NSAIDS for pain
Paracetamol:
- Use: aches, mild-moderate pain, fever
- Brands names: Disprol, Hedex, Medinol, Panadol
- 1 tablet = 500mg; adult max. 8 tablets / 24 hours
- Safe during pregnancy & breast feeding
- Risk of overdose
- Unsafe in liver & kidney diseases
- Allergic reactions
- Side effects are rare |
Ibuprofen:
- Use: pain & inflammation
- Brand names: Nurofen, Brufen, Calprofen, Fenbid, Ibugel, Ibuleve
- NSAID, reduces hormones that cause pain & inflammation, reduction of prostaglandins by COX (cyclooxigenase) inhibition
- 1 tablet: 200 / 400 / 600mg; slow release 200 / 300 / 800mg; max, 1200g / 24 hours
- Stomach protection taken with it
- Not use if previous stomach bleeding, ulcer, severe heart failure, kidney failure, liver failure, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis
- Pts may have allergic reaction (dangerous)
- Side effects: feeling & being sick, stomach pain, tiredness or sleepiness, black faeces, blood in vomit, tinnitus (ringing in ears), difficulty breathing, arrhythmias |
Prescription drugs for pain
Naproxen:
- Brand names: Naprosyn, Stirlescent
-Use: NSAID, pain & inflammation, RA, OA, gout, menstrual pain, back pain, sprains & strains
- Side effects: confusion, headache, tinnitus, changes in vision, tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness & rashes
- Pt takes stomach protection with them |
Codeine:
- Opiate!
- When paracetamol, ibuprofen & aspirin have not worked
- Short term treatment as there's risk of addiction
- Side effects: constipation, nausea & sleepiness
- Not suitable for all people |
Tramadol:
- Brand names: Maxitram, Marol, Zydol, Zamadol, Tramulief, Tramquel
- Use: strong painkiller, moderate-severe pain, post-operative
-Opiate / narcotic
-Side effects: sickness, dizziness, confusion
-Short term use, risk of dependence & withdrawal |
Morphine:
- Use: severe pain, cancer pain
- Risk of addiction, controlled use
- Side effects: constipation, sickness, tiredness, dizziness, vertigo, confusion, headaches, skin rashes |
Fentanyl:
- Controlled medicine, strong opiate, risk of addiction |
Drugs for inflammation
- NSAIDS: Ibuprofen
- Steroids: Prednisolone & Dexametasone |
Use: wide range of diseases
- Anti-inflammatory
- Immunosuppressant
- Short-term use
- Endocrine side effects |
Drugs for diabetes
Metformin:
- enhance insulin sensitivity |
Insulin |
Drugs for specific disorders
Gout: Allopurinol |
Infection: Amoxicillin |
Allergies: Anti-histaminics |
Spasticity: Baclofen |
Osteoporosis: Biphosphonate |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia: Tamsulosin, Finasteride, Dulasteride |
Gastro-oesophageal reflux: Pump inhibitor |
Hypothyroidism: Levothyroxine |
Insomnia: Melatonin |
Menopause: Hormone replacement therapy |
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