Acute Bronchitis
|
Definition Inflammation of the airways (trachea, bronchi, bronchioles) characterized by cough
|
|
Etiology >90% viral (rhinovirus, coronavirus, RSV)
|
|
CXR will be ____ in acute bronchitis Negative
|
|
Treatment for acute bacterial bronchitis Second-generation cephalosporin (ie Ceftin)
|
|
When are antibiotics indicated in acute bronchitis Elderly, underlying cardiopulmonary disease, cough >7-10 days, immunocompromised state
|
Acute epiglottitis
|
Definition A severe, life-threatening infection of the epiglottis*
|
|
Most common ages 2-7 yo
|
|
What has decreased the incidence in children Wide-spread administration of H. flu vaccine
|
|
Clinical findings Patients sit upright with necks extended, higher fever, reap. distress, drooling
|
|
Lateral neck radiograph finding Thumbprint sign
|
|
Treatment Secure airway + broadspectrum 2nd or 3rd generation cephalosporin (cefotaxime or ceftriaxone) x 7-10 days
|
Buzzwords: Drooling, sniffing position, tripod, toxic, thumbprint sign
|
|
Croup
|
Definition Viral laryngotracheo-bronchitis, affects kids 6mo-5yo
|
|
Most common cause Parainfluenza virus types 1 & 2
|
|
Clinical findings Harsh, barking, seal-like cough
|
|
PA neck film radiograph Steeple sign
|
|
Treatment Mild croup doesn't need treatment
|
Buzzwords: pediatric with barking cough, steeple sign, inspiratory stridor
Tuberculosis
|
Organism Mycoplasma tuberculosis-acquired by inhaling organisms within aerosol droplets expelled from coughing
|
|
Inactive TB most commonly found in Apices of lungs
|
|
Most common symptom Cough
|
|
Histologic hallmark Bx showing caveating granulomas
|
|
Tx for LTBI INH x 9 months
|
|
Tx for active TB INH/RIF/PZA/EMB x 2 months then INH/RIF x 4 months
|
|
Indurations greater than ___ should be treated aggresively 5mm
|
Buzzwords: Apical infiltrates, fever, chills, dry cough
Acute bronchiolitis
|
Definition Inflammation of the bronchioles (<2mm diameter), primarily in kids/infants
|
|
Most common organism RSV
|
|
Treatment Hospitalization + ribavirin + supportive measures
|
|
|
Pneumonia
|
Definition Inflammation in the alveoli of the lung caused by microorganisms
|
|
Most common cause of CAP Strep pneumo.
|
|
Clinical Features cough, sputum, SOB, pleuritic chest pain, sweats, rigors
|
|
Treatment-uncomplicated/outpatient Doxycycline, erythromycin, macrolides (azithromycin), fluoroquinolones
|
|
Treatment-inpatient (want to cover Legionella) Ceftriaxone/cefotaxime + azithromycin/or fluoroquinolone
|
|
Most common cause of atypical CAP Mycoplasma pneumo.
|
|
Treatment-atypical CAP erythromycin (Mycoplasma pneumo.) or tetracycline (Chlamydia)
|
|
Who is at highest risk for HAP? ICU patients on mechanical ventilation
|
|
Organism in ICU with worst prognosis Pseudomonas auroginosa
|
|
Most common opportunistic infection in patients with HIV Pneumocystis jiroveci
|
|
Treatment-HIV-related pneumonia Bactrim (trimethroprim/sulfa.)
|
|
When is prophylaxis recommended for HIV-pneumonia CD4<200
|
|
Clinical Scenario: >35yo with PNA. Rusty colored or yellow-green sputum. Acute onset F/C Strep. pneumonia
|
|
Clinical Scenario: <35 yo, college students. Fever, cough, +/- sputum, chills, muscle aches, Bullous myringitis Mycoplasma pneumonia
|
|
Clinical Scenario: PNA w/ Smokers, COPD H. influenza
|
|
Clinical Scenario: PNA w/ DM, immunocompromised, EtOH. Currant color sputum. Klebsiella
|
|
Clinical Scenario: PNA w/ Water, late summer, construction site. Diarrhea. Toxic looking Legionella
|
|
Clinical Scenario: PNA from Nursing homes, chronic care facility. Purulent sputum Staphylococcus aureus
|
|
Clinical Scenario: PNA & HIV+, AIDS, Immunocompromised. Sx out of proportion to exam. Diffuse interstitial & alveolar infiltrates Pneumocystis jerovecii; TMP-SMX = Drug of choice
|
|
Clinical Scenario: PNA & decreased mental status, poor dental hygiene, dentures, foul smelling sputum, bronchiectasis. Patchy infiltrates in dependant lung zones Aspiration pneumonia
|
Buzzwords: Fever, cough, sputum. Crackles, decreased breath sounds, dullness to percussion, +egophony, pectoriloquy. CXR – infiltrates or consolidation
|
Created By
Metadata
Favourited By
Comments
Great
Add a Comment
Related Cheat Sheets
More Cheat Sheets by ksellybelly