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Suicide
Suicide
Intentional act of killing oneself |
Suicidal thoughts are more common than suicide attempts |
May Develop on a continuum
1) Suicidal ideation
2) Suicide gestures
3)Suicide attempts
4) Completed suicide |
Primary Vulnerabilities
Hopelessness |
Internalized anger |
Depression or mental illness |
Alcohol/drug use |
Primary orientation to the past - stuck on past events |
Lack of belonging |
Isolation and loneliness |
Variables to Negate Suicide
Trust in self/others |
Capacity for intimacy/love |
Sense of belonging |
Well-developed future time perspective |
Continuing of self |
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Suicidal Gestures
Take action toward harming themselves but not lethal |
May be cry for help |
ie. taking pills, superficial cuts to wrist |
Psychosocial factors
History of early loss
Parental loss in childhood
Child abuse/neglect
Anniversary of loss |
Negative Life Events
Recent bereavement, separation or divorce
Job loss
Release from psychiatric facility
Recovery from schizophrenia or depressive episode |
Decreased social supports
Increased isolation
family turbulences
sudden life changes |
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Etiology of Suicide
Biological factors
No biological theory of suicide
Connect serotonin and suicide |
Sociological Theory
Suicide is related to social disconnections and loss of control over individual impulses
Occurs when society fails to control individual impulses |
Psychological Theory
Depression is a major factor in suicide
many clients not depressed complete suicide |
Assessing Suicide Risk
S |
Sex
males are at higher risk
females >attempt; males >complete
males use more lethal methods |
A |
Age
19 and younger are at higher risk |
D |
Depression
Increases risk |
P |
Previous Attempts
Increases risk |
E |
Ethanol use
Alcoholic or recently intoxicated |
R |
Rational Thinking
Psychotic or illogical |
S |
Social support lacking
Has no social supports |
O |
Organized plan
Has means to execute plan |
N |
No Spouse
Highest among divorced/separated/widowed persons |
S |
Sickness
New onset of chronic or disfiguring illness |
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