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Homeostasis
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Nervous System rapid response to stimuli via electrical signals
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Endocrine System long-term response using chemical signals (hormones)
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Homeostatic Mechanisms
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Sensor detects environmental stimulus
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Integrator receives and processes signals
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Effector cells respond to regulatory signals
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Feedback Mechanisms
Negative Feedback |
primary mechanism of homeostasis. Used to produce opposite effect of the change and bring back to homeostasis. |
Positive Feedback |
increases the effects of change produced by environmental stimulus. Does not bring back to homeostasis. |
Thermo- regulation |
Conduction, Convection, Radiation, Evaporation |
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Thermoregulation
Heat Stress |
1) Monitor |
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thermoreceptors of peripheral nervous system detect increased temp |
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2) Coordinate |
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hypothalamus signals CNS via motor nerves to sweat glands |
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3) Regulate |
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sweat glands initiate sweating, blood vessels dilate |
Cold Stress |
1) Monitor |
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thermoreceptors signal hypothalamus using sensory neurons |
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2) Coordinate |
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hypothalamus sends message via motor neurons |
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3) Regulate |
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arterioles and smooth muscle of skin contract, captures heat, skeletal muscles contract- shivering |
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Osmoregulation
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Osmosis water from high conc. to low conc.
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Osmoregulation regulating osmotic pressure of bodily fluids and cells, management of bodies water and solute content
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Excretion composition of bodily fluids. regulation of blood pH, volume, and pressure. Excretion of metabolic waste.
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Nitrogenous Waste
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Ammonia released when liver breaks down proteins - by deamination. Very soluble and toxic. Must be diluted w/ H2O
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Urea product of Ammonia and CO2. Conversion occurs in liver. Low toxicity.
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Uric Acid product of nucleic acid breakdown. Released through liver metabolism. Non toxic and insoluble in H2O
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