Acid/Base Disorders Cheat Sheet by sisk

Acid	CO2; proton donor
Base	HCO3-; proton acceptor
Acidemia	pH < 7.35
Alkalemia	pH > 7.45
Acidosis	Process that results in decreased blood pH
Alkalosis	Process that results in increased blood pH
Respir­atory regulation	Regulates CO2; compen­sation occurs in min to hrs
Renal regulation	Regulates HCO3-; compen­sation takes up to 1wk

Hypoka­lemia	Arteriolar constr­iction
Reduced coronary blood flow	Decreased plasma ionized [Ca]
Decreased Mg and PO4	Reduced cerebral blood flow
Tetany, seizures

Hyperk­alemia	Impaired cardiac contra­ctility
Reduced ATP synthesis	Impaired response to catech­ola­mines
Reduced cardiac output	Insulin resistance
Coma

pH	7.35-7.45
PaCO2	35-45mmHg
PaO2	80-100mmHg
HCO3-	22-26 mEq/L
SaO2	>95%

Definition	Concen­tration of unmeasured anions in plasma
Unmeasured anions	Sulfates, phosph­ates, blood proteins such as albumin
Use	Determines type of metabolic acidosis
Equation	[Na+] - ([Cl-] + [HCO3-])
Normal AG	12 mEq/L; range of 8–16 acceptable
Elevated AG	>20 mEq/L
Metabolic alkalosis	Excess AG+HCO3 > normal HCO3-
Metabolic acidosis	Excess AG+HCO3 < normal HCO3-