Vocab
Industrialism |
a system marked by the building of factories and manufacturing, and employment in factories instead of in agricultural industries |
Textiles |
cloth, fabric, woven by machine |
Urbanization |
the process of an area becoming more urban and cities grow |
Capital |
money used to invest in businesses |
Assembly line |
production method that breaks down a job into separate tasks where one worker will do the same task over and over again |
Socialism |
an economic system where most businesses are public, government provides benefits to the poor, less economic inequality |
Capitalism |
an economic system where individuals own their businesses, free-market, little to no government intervention |
Communism |
a political/economic system where the government controls production and how products are distributed, equal wealth between citizens |
Karl Marx |
founder of communism, German revolutionary, wrote "Communist Manifesto" in 1848 with Freidrich Engels |
Adam Smith |
founder of capitalism, wrote "Wealth of Nations" which promoted division of labor and free trade |
Industrial Revolution |
the period from the mid-1700s to mid-1800s of rapid technological advancements, but marked by poor working conditions and low pay |
Imperialism |
the practice of one country controlling the government and economy of another country/territory |
White Man's Burden |
a poem written by Rudyard Kipling in 1899, said that it was a white man's responsibility to invade "uncivilized" Asian + African countries and teach them European culture |
Social Darwinism |
the belief that Europeans were superior by natural selection and they were better-fitted to survive |
Sepoy Rebellion |
in 1857, sepoys rebel against British soldiers and refuse British cartridges as a revolt against the British East India Company in control of India at the time |
Opium War |
a war that resulted in China being forced to open their ports, caused by the illegal opium smuggling to people addicted in China from British India |
Meiji Restoration |
overthrew shogun and gave power to emperor, modernizes Japan and introduces a new government like Germany's |
Dollar diplomacy |
the use of diplomacy by the USA to promote themselves as good trade partners by guaranteeing loans to important foreign countries |
Nationalism |
pride in and loyalty to one's nation or ethnic group |
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Industrialism
Causes |
Changes in farming - better farming methods lead to more crops with less labor, so less farm jobs, so a growing workforce for factories in the city |
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Britain's resources and demand - large workforce, raw materials, and a growing demand for manufactured goods |
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New inventions- spinning jenny, steam engine, Bessember furnace |
Events |
Child labour - children worked in coal mines, cotton mills, etc. in dangerous conditions and for low pay |
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Invention of steam power - the introduction of steam power led to new developments in transportation, communication, and production |
Results |
More factories - long, tiring work for former farmworkers in factories |
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Economic changes - new economic system called capitalism is developed, individuals own their own business and resources |
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Improvements for the people - new inventions and tech, better wages, and developed industrial societies |
Nationalism
Events |
Political unrest - countries start wars to prove their superiority |
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Gain independence - nations start to fight for independence, form separate countries, etc. Italy in 1871, Germany in 1870 |
Results |
Independent countries |
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International rivalries |
Imperialism
Causes |
Social Darwinism - the belief that Europeans were superior by natural selection, that they were chosen as the best to survive |
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White Man's Burden - a poem by Rudyard Kipling, described that a white man had a responsibility to teach "uncivilized" Africans and Asians European culture |
Events |
Berlin Conference - 1884 |
"Scramble for Africa" , European countries lay claim to most African countries, Liberia and Ethiopia stay independent |
Meiji Restoration |
overthrew shogun, samurai groups returned power to emperor because of disagreements about opening up trading ports, introduced a new government |
Dollar diplomacy |
the USA's method of guaranteeing foreign countries loans as a way to promote themselves as good economic partners |
People |
Matthew C. Perry |
sent to Japan to open their ports from America in 1853, forced Japan to start trading with western countries by show of military force |
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