PASSIVE VOICE IN GERMAN
Present tense: In the present tense, the passive voice is formed by using the present tense of "werden" and the past participle of the main verb. For example, "Der Hund beißt den Mann" (The dog bites the man) becomes "Der Mann wird vom Hund gebissen" (The man is bitten by the dog). |
Past tense: In the past tense, the passive voice is formed by using the past tense of "werden" and the past participle of the main verb. For example, "Der Mann hat den Hund gebissen" (The man has bitten the dog) becomes "Der Hund wurde vom Mann gebissen" (The dog was bitten by the man). |
Future tense: In the future tense, the passive voice is formed by using the future tense of "werden" and the past participle of the main verb. For example, "Der Mann wird den Hund beißen" (The man will bite the dog) becomes "Der Hund wird vom Mann gebissen werden" (The dog will be bitten by the man). |
Perfect tense: In the perfect tense, the passive voice is formed by using the present tense of "werden" and the past participle of "haben" or "sein", depending on the main verb. For example, "Der Mann hat den Hund gebissen" (The man has bitten the dog) becomes "Der Hund ist vom Mann gebissen worden" (The dog has been bitten by the man). |
In German, the passive voice is formed by using the auxiliary verb "werden" (to become) along with the past participle of the main verb. The subject of the sentence is the receiver of the action, rather than the doer of the action.
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Geographical names
WOHIN |
WO |
WOHER |
nach Deutschland |
in |
aus |
in die Schweiz |
in der |
aus der |
in die USA |
in des |
aus den |
- |
articles are always used with rivers, seas, lakes, mountains, oceans |
Rivers |
european rivers are usually feminine. non-European rivers are usually masculine, like der Nil, der Gangas |
except for a few like der Rhein, der Main, der Neckar |
seas, lakes |
because a lake (der See) is masculine, all lakes are masculine. like der Bodensee. |
seas/oceans are feminine words and neutral words(die See, das Meer), so names will either be fem or neu: die Ostsee, das Schwarze Meer |
- Mountains always masculine: |
der Mont Blanc |
Mountain chains always in plural: |
die Alpen |
countries don't have articles UNLESS:
An article is used if the name has an attribute, for example an adjective, in front of it
→ das wilde Afrika, das schöne Finnland
→ in these cases, the city, continent or country is a neuter word (article das)
2. Feminine countries (die article)
→ have to be learned by heart
→ for example: die Schweiz, die Slowakei, die Türkei, die Ukraine
3. Countries in plural
→ die USA
→ die Niederlande
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VOCABULARY
aus/brehen |
erupt |
beben |
quake/tremble |
blasen |
to blow(strong wind) |
brennen |
burn |
das Abgas, e |
the exhaust (gas) |
das Abwasser |
the sewage |
das Erdbeben |
the earthquake |
das Gewitter |
the thunder |
das Hochwasser |
the floodwater |
das Klima |
the climeate |
das Opfer |
the victim |
der Erdrutsch, -e |
ther landslide |
der Klimawandel |
the climate change |
der Orkan, -e / der Wirbelsturm, -e+ |
the hurricane |
der Sturm, -e+ |
the storm |
der Treibhauseffekt, -e |
the greenhouse effect |
der Tsunami, -s |
the tsunami |
der Unfall, -e+ |
the accident |
der Vulkanausbruch, -e+ |
the volcanic eruption |
der Waldbrand, -e+ |
the forest fire |
der Wind, -e |
the wind |
die Atomkatastrope, -n |
the atomic catastrophe |
die Dürre, -n |
the drought |
die Emission, -en |
the emission |
die Erosion |
the erosion |
die Flut, -en |
the flood |
die Hitzewelle, -n |
the heatwave |
die Klimaerwärmung / die Erderwärmung |
the global warming/climate warming |
die Lawine, -s |
the avalanche |
die Naturkatastrophe, -n |
the natural catastrophe |
die Ölpest |
the oil spill |
die Schlammlawine,-n |
the mudslide |
die Seuche, -n |
the plague |
die Überschwemmung, -en |
the flooding |
die Umweltkatastrophe, -n |
the environmental disaster |
drohen + dat |
to threathen |
evakuieren |
evacuate |
überfluten, überschwemmen |
to flood |
überleben |
survive |
um/kommen |
to perish |
verursachen |
cause |
wehen |
blow |
zerstören |
destroy |
gewittern |
to thunderstorm |
stürmen |
to storm |
abwechslungsreich |
varying |
bergig |
mountainous |
das Feld, -er |
the field |
das Gebirge, - |
the mountain range |
das Gelände |
the terrain |
das Gewässer, - |
the waterbody |
das Tal, -er+ |
the valley |
das Ufer, - |
the waterline |
der Archipel, -e |
the archipelago |
der Bach, -e+ |
the stream |
der Berg, -e |
the mountain |
der Dschungel, - |
the jungle |
der Felsen, - |
the cliff |
der Fjäll, -s |
the fell |
der Fluss, -e+ |
the river |
der Gipfel, |
the peak |
der Gletscher, - |
the glacier |
der Hügel, - |
the hill |
der Laubwald, -er+ |
the deciduous tree |
der Nadelwald, -er+ |
the coniferous tree |
der Ozean, -e |
the ocean |
Der Regenwald, -er+ |
the rainforest |
der See, -n |
the lake |
der Strand, -e+ |
the beach |
der Strom, -e+ |
the stream |
der Sumpf, -e+ |
the swamp |
der Teich, -e |
the pond |
der Wald, -er+ |
the forest |
der Wasserfall, -e+ |
the waterfall |
dicht |
dense |
die Ebbe, -n |
the low tide |
die Ebene, -n |
the plain |
die Erde |
the earth, globe |
die Flut, -en |
the high tide, flood |
die Gegend, -en |
the region |
die Halbinsel, -n |
the headland |
die Insel, -n |
the island |
die Küste, -n |
the coast |
die Landschaft, -en |
the landscape |
die Natur |
the nature |
die See / das Meer, -e |
the sea |
die Stromschnelle, -n |
the rapid |
die Umgebung, -en |
the surroundings |
die Wiese, -n |
the meadow |
die Wildnis, -se |
the wilderness |
die Wüste, -n |
the desert |
feucht |
moist |
flach |
flat |
fließen, fließt, floss, ist geflossen |
to flow |
hoch |
high |
öde |
deserted |
steil |
steep |
strömen |
stream |
tief |
deep |
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