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QB Practice Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Practice for ESU #10 Quiz Bowl

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Need to Know Books and Authors

George Orwell
Animal Farm, 1984
Ray Bradbury
Dandelion Wine, Something Wicked this Way , The Martian, Fahrenheit 451,
Charles Dickens
Pickwick Papers, Oliver Twist, A Christmas Carol, Hard Times, A Tale of Two Cities, Great Expect­ations
Ernest Hemmingway
Big Two-He­arted River, Hills Like White Elephants, The Snows of Kilima­njaro, For sale: baby shoes never worn
Edgar Allen Poe
The Cask of Amonti­llado, The Tell-Tale Heart, The Gold-Bug,

People from the French Revolution

Louis XVI
King of France during the revolu­tion; member of the Bourbon Dynasty
Marie Antoinette
Queen of France during the revolution
Marquis de Lafayette
Fought under George Washington and helped establish France's military. Known as "The Hero of Two Worlds­"
Napoleon Bonaparte
Became counsel and emperor after the French Revolution
Louis XVII
Younger brother of Louis XVI who's return to power marked the end of the French Revolution

Greek Heroes

Heracles (Hercules)
son of Alcmene and Zeus, which earned him the lifelong enmity of Zeus’s wife Hera. Hera struck Heracles with a temporary madness so that he killed his wife Megara and their children. As penance, Heracles served King Eurystheus for ten years and completed twelve labors.
Theseus
son of King Aegeus and the son of Poseidon. He was raised by his mother Aethra in Troezen, then as a young man took a land journey back to Athens, during which he defeated six foes, including the bandits Sinis, Sciron, and Procrustes
Perseus
son of Danaë and Zeus. Perseus’s grandf­ather, King Acrisius of Argos, had heard a prophecy that his grandson would kill him, so he banished Danaë and Perseus by setting them adrift in a chest on the ocean.
Jason
son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos who had been usurped by Jason’s uncle Pelias. In an attempt to kill Jason, Pelias offered him the throne if he completed a quest to Colchis and retrieved the Golden Fleece.
Achilles
greatest Greek warrior during the Trojan War. He was the son of King Peleus and the Nereid Thetis, who dipped him in the River Styx as a child to make his body invuln­erable, except for the heel by which she held him
Odysseus
king of Ithaca and one of the Greek leaders during the Trojan War. Odysseus originally tried to avoid the war by pretending to be insane, but was exposed when Palamedes put his son Telemachus in front of his plow.
Diomedes
king of Argos and a great Greek warrior, second only to Achilles in martial prowess during the Trojan War. Early in life, Diomedes’s father Tydeus, who was a member of the Seven Against Thebes, was killed during a rebellion against the city.
Ajax the Great
massive and powerful Greek warrior during the Trojan War. Ajax fought with a massive shield made of cow-hide and bronze,
Beller­ophon
demigod son of Poseidon. He rejected the advances of Queen Sthene­boea, who then falsely accused him of assault.
Atalanta
abandoned on a mountain as a baby because her father wanted a son. She was raised by bears, which helped her become one of the greatest and fastest hunters.

Mountains

Mount Everest
border between Nepal and China straddles the summit of the Himalayan peak Mount Everest
K2
second­-ta­llest mountain in the world; Pakistan and China
Denali (Mt.Mc­Kinley)
highest mountain in North America. It is in south-­central Alaska
Mount Mitchell
Black Mountain subrange of the Appala­chians
The Matterhorn
Switze­rland and Italy
Mount Kilima­njaro
Tanzania; The Snows of Kilima­njaro
Mount Kenya
Kenya; second­-ta­llest mountain in Africa
Mount Kosciuszko
Australia
Mount Fuji
Japan
Mount Aconcagua
Argentina
 

Presid­ential Scandals

Teapot Dome 1921-1929
Warren G. Harding leased out navy oil reserves in Wyoming for an extremely low price
Watergate 1972-1974
Richard Nixon had his supporting members break into the Watergate building to destroy incrim­inating evidence of a government coverup
Monica Lewinsky 1995-1999
Bill Clinton was impeached because he lied under oath about an affair he was having with Monica Lewinsky
The Whisky Ring 1871-1876
Whisky distillers in St. Louis bribed members of the government to get away with tax evasion

Geological Time Periods (Oldest to Newest)

Hadean Eon (4600 million years ago to 4000 mya)
Archean Eon (4000 to 2500 mya)
Proter­ozoic Eon (2500 mya to 541 mya)
Cambrian Period (541 mya to 485 mya)
Ordovician Period (485 mya to 444 mya)
Silurian Period (444 mya to 419 mya)
Devonian Period (419 mya to 359 mya)
Carbon­iferous Period (359 mya to 299 mya)
Permian Period (299 mya to 252 mya)
Triassic Period (252 mya to 201 mya)
Jurassic Period (201 mya to 145 mya)
Jurassic Period (201 mya to 145 mya)
Cenozoic Era (66 mya to present)

Indian Tribes

Iroquois
upstate New York
Powhatan
eastern Virginia
Cherokee
southe­astern United States
Seminole
Florida
Shawnee
Ohio Valley
Lakota Sioux
northern Great Plains
Shoshone
northern plains
Nez Perce
Pacific Northwest
Apache
southwest
Navajo
southwest

Circuit Components

Resistor
element that impedes the flow of current, creating a voltage drop
Capacitor
charge­-st­oring discon­nection in a circuit
Inductor
solenoid is a coil of wire. When electric current through the wire changes, a magnetic field is generated
Transf­ormer
transf­ormers are used to “step up” or “step down” voltage,
Source
any device that provides voltage or current
Ground
point on a circuit that is connected to the ground
Fuses and circuit breakers
protects the equipment in the circuit from being damaged by power surges
Switch
toggles between an open connection and a closed connec­tion.
Diode
permits the flow of current in only one direction.
Rectifier
onverts AC or another variable signal into a positi­ve-­voltage signal

Organelles

Nucleus
“command central” of the cell because it contains almost all of the cell’s DNA
Ribosomes
coordinate protein synthesis, or transl­ation.
Mitoch­ondria
double­-me­mbr­ane­-bound organelles
Endopl­asmic reticulum
tube-like membranes continuous with the nuclear envelope
Golgi apparatus
flattened, folded membranes that forms the Golgi apparatus acts as the “post office of the cell.”
Lysosomes
digestive enzymes that break down proteins, lipids, carboh­ydr­ates, and nucleic acids.
Chloro­plasts
Found only in plants and certain protists, the chloro­plast contains the green pigment chloro­phyll and is the site of photos­ynt­hesis.
Vacuoles
Found mainly in plants and protists, vacuoles are liquid­-filled cavities enclosed by a single membrane. They serve as storage bins for food and waste products
Cilia and flagella
long, whip-like struct­ures, while cilia are short, hair-like projec­tions
Centrioles
Not found in plant cells, centrioles are paired organelles with nine sets of microt­ubule triplets in cross section. They are important in organizing the microt­ubule spindle needed to move the chromo­somes during mitosis.