Registers
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AX Accumulator; used to store some calculation results
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BX Base; index register for MOVE
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CX Counter; count for string operations & shifts
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DX Datas; port address for IN and OUT
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SP Points to top of stack
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BP Points to base of stack frame
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SI Points to a source in stream operations
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DI Points to a destination in stream operations
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CS Points to base of segment containing code
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DS Points to base of segment containing datas
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SS Points to base of segment containing the stack
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ES Points to base of an additionnal segment
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IP Points to the next instruction to be run
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Loops
LOOP |
Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 |
LOOPE LOOPZ |
Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 and ZF = 1 |
LOOPNE LOOPNZ |
Decrements CX and jumps to label if CX <> 0 and ZF = 0 |
JCXZ |
Jumps to label if CX = 0 |
Remember: Loops uses CX and ZF registers
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Instructions
Instruction |
Usage |
Example |
MOV |
Assigns value to register |
MOV AX, 15h |
ADD |
Adds value to register |
ADD AX, BX |
SUB |
Substracts value to register |
SUB AX, 1 |
AND |
Executes binary AND operation |
AND AL, 1101111b |
OR |
Executes binary OR operation |
OR AL, BX |
NOT |
Executes binary NOT operation |
NOT AL |
XOR |
Executes binary XOR operation |
XOR AL, 01010101b |
SHL/SAL/SHR/SAR |
Shifts to the left or to the right. When arithmetic, the sign bit doesn't shift. Explused bit is stocked in CF |
SHL AL, 1 / SAL AL, 2 |
ROL/RCL/ROR/RCR |
Rotates to the left or to the right, using or not CF |
ROL AL, 1 / RCR AL, 2 |
INC / DEC |
Increments or decrements a value |
INC AX / DEC BX |
ADC / SBB |
Does an addition or substraction of >16bits numbers, by storing restraint in CF |
ADC AX, CX |
STC / CLS / CMC |
Sets CF to 1, 0 or inverts it |
STC |
STD / CLD |
Sets DF to 1 or 0 |
STD |
STI / CLI |
Sets IF to 1 or 0 |
CLI |
MUL / IMUL / DIV / IDIV |
Multiplies or divides two numbers and stores it to AX (+DX for most significant bit) |
MOV AL, 0001Ah MUL 00002h |
JMP |
Jumps to a label |
JMP calc |
CMP |
Performs a comparison |
CMP AL, 01234b |
PUSH / PUSHA / PUSHF |
Pushes a data to SS:[SP] / all registers / FLAGS |
PUSH 10h |
POP / POPA / POPF |
Restores fatas form SS:[SP] / all registers (except SP) / FLAGS |
POP AX |
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Conditional jumps
Instruction |
Description |
Condition |
JA |
Jump if Above |
CF = 0 and ZF = 0 |
JAE |
Jump if Above or Equal |
CF = 0 |
JB |
Jump if Below |
CF = 1 |
JBE |
Jump if Below or Equal |
CF = 1 or ZF = 1 |
JC |
Jump if Carry |
CF = 1 |
JE |
Jump if Equal |
ZF = 1 |
JG |
Jump if Greater |
ZF = 0 and SF = OF |
JGE |
Jump if Greater of Equal |
SF = OF |
JL |
Jump if Less |
SF <> OF |
JLE |
Jump if Less or Equal |
ZF = 1 or SF <> OF |
JO |
Jump if Overflow |
OF = 1 |
JP |
Jump if Parity |
PF = 1 |
JPE |
Jump if Parity Even |
PF = 1 |
JS |
Jump if Sign |
SF = 1 |
JZ |
Jump if Zero |
ZF = 1 |
Colors
Decimal |
Hexa |
Binary |
Color |
0 |
00h |
0000b |
Black |
1 |
01h |
0001b |
Blue |
2 |
02h |
0010b |
Green |
3 |
03h |
0011b |
Colbalt blue |
4 |
04h |
0100b |
Red |
5 |
05h |
0101b |
Violet |
6 |
06h |
0110b |
Brown |
7 |
07h |
0111b |
Light grey |
8 |
08h |
1000b |
Dark grey |
9 |
09h |
1001b |
Light blue |
10 |
0Ah |
1010b |
Light green |
11 |
0Bh |
1011b |
Light cobalt |
12 |
0Ch |
1100b |
Light red |
13 |
0Dh |
1101b |
Light violet |
14 |
0Eh |
1110b |
Yellow |
15 |
0Fh |
1111b |
White |
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Created By
https://gamersflag.com
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