This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Naming Alkanes
1 |
meth- |
2 |
eth- |
3 |
prop- |
4 |
but- |
5 |
pent- |
6 |
hex- |
7 |
hept- |
8 |
oct- |
9 |
non- |
10 |
dec- |
Naming Alkanes Rules
1. Find longest continous carboon chain (Parent Chain) and name based on how many carbons present and stick an -ane on the end
(4 carbon chain = Butane)
2. If 2 or more branches, list alphebetically,
3. If more than 1 of same type of group, add prefix (di-,tri-, etc) |
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Functional Groups
For clarification, a carbonyl is just the C=O
Classification of Isomers
Constitutional Isomers: isomers that differ in order of atoms connected
Stereoisomer: Isomers with same connections but different atom arrangements
Enantiomers: stereoisomers that are nonsuperimposable mirror images
Diastereomers: steroisomers that are not mirror images
Cis-Transisomers: Only compounds w/ double bonds and at least 2 different substituents on either side |
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Conformations
Eclipsed Conformation: |
Staggered Conformations: |
0 degrees |
Gauche=60 Degrees |
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Anti= 180 degrees |
In order of most to least stable:
Anti -> Gauche -> Eclipsed
Chirality
Chiral: If it cant be superimposed on its mirror image (entantiomers)
Achiral: The molecules in chich mirron images are super imposable |
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