Overview
Poverty is defined as a state or condition in which a person or community lacks the financial resources and essentials for a minimum standard living. |
Ram Saran: struggling to make ends meet, unable to afford education or medication. Urban case of poverty(city). |
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270 million people in india live in poverty. |
Lakha Singh: Rural case of poverty.(village) |
Global multidimensional poverty index: Health(nutrition, child mortality), Education(years of schooling, school attendance), Standard Of Living(cooking fuel, sanitation, drinking water, assets, housing, electricity.
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POVERTY AS SEEN BY SOCIAL SCIENTISTS.
Conventional Indicators: Income level and consumption. |
Social Indicators: literacy levels, malnutrition, lack of disease resistance, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to health, lack of access to safe drinking water. |
social exclusion: they are excluded from an affluent society and are forced to live with people with similar economic backgrounds in poor conditions. This excludes them from facilities, benefits and opportunities that other people with better economic circumstances enjoy. Excluded from enjoying social equality. EXAMPLE: certain castes are excluded and therefore causes poverty in those castes. |
vulnerability: describes the greater probability of certain communities or individuals becoming or remaining poor in the coming years. EXAMPLE: caste, disabilities. Vulnerability is described by the options available by different communities to access education, health facilities, job opportunities or how certain groups may be affected by natural calamities or if they have the economic status to deal with these calamities. greater probability of being adversely affected by disasters. EXAMPLE: corona. |
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POVERTY LINE
social exclusion and vulnerability cannot be standardized across all social and geographical context. |
poverty line: method used to measure poverty based on income and consumption levels. it is considered as poverty is one's income and consumption level falls below the necessary standard to meet basic needs. Basic needs are different. Poverty line varies with place and time. Each country uses a bench mark based on development and standard needs. |
The poverty line is defined by bare minimum a person needs to survive. |
Physical quantities are multiplied by their prices in rupees. the present formula for food requirement while estimating the poverty line is now based on calorie requirement because people have varied diets and requirements. calorie requirement varies based on sex, age and type of work. 2400 calories/2100 calories in rural and urban. |
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