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Authority and Legitimacy in Society
MAX WEBER
ESSAY: The three types of legitimate rule |
1958 |
THEORY: legitimate order and authority stems from "different aspects of a single phenomenon -- the forms that underlie all instances of ordered human interaction" |
HERBERT SPENCER
interpreted Weber's theory |
SOURCES OF LEGITIMACY
MAX WEBER |
Societies cyclically govern themselves using the three types of governmental legitimacy |
MATTEI DOGAN |
Weber's types of political legitimacy proposes that they are conceptually insufficient to comprehend the complex relationships that constitute a legitimate political system in the twenty-first century |
traditional authority and charismatic authority are obsolete as forms of contemporary government |
rational-legal authority exists in so many permutations that no longer allow it to be limited as a type of legitimate authority |
2 FUNDAMENTAL COMPONENTS OF ORDER
represent polar principles of social organization |
NORMS |
serve as the guiding principles and shared expectations within a society |
contribute to the establishment and maintenance of order in social interactions |
AUTHORITY |
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AUTHORITY
refer to an individual’s expertise in a particular topic of interest |
in the political sense therefore, means that a certain political entity has the right to use and exercise its power over a specific group or society |
a key element in maintaining order within human interactions |
The power or right to give orders, make decisions, and enforce obedience |
POWER |
ability or capacity to influence, control, or direct the behavior of others or the course of events |
3 TYPES OF AUTHORITY (WEBER)
TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY |
right to rule is inherited and passed down through generations |
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY |
Relies on the personal and affectual devotion of followers to a charismatic leader |
LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY |
Empowered by a formalistic belief in the content of the law (legal) or natural law (rationality) |
3 TYPES OF AUTHORITY (BLAU)
TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY |
Undynamic |
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY |
Personal |
LEGAL-RATIONAL AUTHORITY |
Rational |
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LEGITIMIZATION
the popular acceptance of an authority, usually a governing law or a regime |
AUTHORITY - specific position in an established government |
LEGITIMACY - a system of government |
the normative status conferred by a governed people upon their governors' institutions, offices |
government's actions are appropriate uses of power by a legally constituted government |
3 TYPES OF LEGITIMACY
TRADITIONAL LEGITIMACY |
derives from societal customs and habits that emphasize the history of the authority of tradition |
CHARISMATIC AUTHORITY |
derives from the ideas and personal charisma of the leader |
weak political and administrative institutions |
if the charismatic leader has a successor, a government derived from charismatic legitimacy might continue |
RATIONAL-LEGAL LEGITIMACY |
derives from a system of institutional procedure, where government institutions establish and enforce law and order in the public interest |
Uses public trust |
FORMS OF LEGITIMATE GOVERNMENT
COMMUNISM |
legitimacy derives from having won a civil war, a revolution, or from having won an election |
In the early twentieth century, Communist parties based the arguments supporting the legitimacy of their rule and government upon the scientific nature of Marxism |
CONSTITUTIONALISM |
modern political concept of constitutionalism establishes the law as supreme over the private will, by integrating nationalism, democracy, and limited government |
Legitimate because of popular belief and justification of abiding by the law codified in the constitution |
DEMOCRACY |
legitimacy derives from the popular perception that the elected government abides by democratic principles in governing, and thus is legally accountable to its people |
FASCISM |
legitimacy upon the arguments of traditional authority |
Led by a dictator, controls the lives of people and forbids oppression |
MONARCHY |
Legitimized through divine right and/or popular acceptance that the monarch is the rightful leader |
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