History Between the War Cheat Sheet by shini.the.alexz

Artists: Franklin Carmichael Lawren Harris Alexander Young Jackson Frank Johnston Arthur Lismer James Edward Hervey MacDonald Frederick Varley

How they became: They were initially drawn together by a common sense of frustr­ation with the conser­vative quality of most Canadian art up to that point. Most were teachers of art so they became familiar with each other through the media

How They Were Unique: Painted art that was not based on European tradition. Found true beauty and richness in a land that went a little unnoticed.

Assimi­late- An attempt to integrate members of a minority group into a larger, dominant culture by denying or erasing the culture and traditions of the minority group.

Enfran­chised- Given rights of citize­nship including the right to vote in an election.

League of Indians of Canada- Formed by Frederick Ogilvie Loft In 1919. The League of Indians of Canada was the first national Aboriginal political organi­zation in Canada. Its main goals were to protect the rights and to improve the living conditions of First Nations people in Canada.

Potlatch- (from the Chinook word Patshatl) is a ceremony integral to the governing the structure, culture and spiritual traditions of various First Nations living on the Northwest Coast (such as the Kwakwa­ka’­wakw, Nuu-ch­ah-­nulth and Coast Salish) and the Dene living in parts of the interior western subarctic.

The Story of a National Crime- a document published by Dr. Peter Henderson Bryce, exposing the govern­ment’s suppre­ssion of inform­ation on the health of Indigenous Peoples.

Prohib­ition was set in place to stop the production and selling of alcohol. This law was put in place 1918 to 1920. There were many reasons that contri­buted to the making this law, these reasons included, the first world war and temperance groups. The more important reason is because of the first world war. The war was the main topic for temperance groups and used it to increase Canadians’ awareness that alcohol is wasteful. Many were made to believe that alcohol was a reason the war started and why its brutality continued for years. Many were made to believe that alcohol was a reason the war started and why its brutality continued for years. Temperance groups such as the WCTU had parades, petitions and public campaigns to persuade - Canadians that alcohol needed to be restri­cted. They would criticize intoxi­cation by alcohol and would promote the complete removal of alcohol. These arguments were able to create a high discretion for alcohol use, thus making people more against it.

Organized Crime, along with bootle­gging was a big negative outcome for prohib­ition. Many people disobeyed the law and wanted alcohol whatever the cost. Black market alcohol was also not only a threat to the govern­ment’s law but to safety and health too. Gangsters were dangerous people, and without legally distri­buted alcohol, and approval from the govern­ment, the alcohol may have included substances which stand as fatal threats to the human body.

This is where black markets had come in, as they had made more money for narrowed indivi­duals instead of proper job fundings, for families and people who obeyed the law and lost their jobs because of prohib­ition. This showed how many Canadians suffered at the time being, corruption had also played a big component in prohib­ition which led Canadians in having a lack of trust towards the govern­ment.

Canada in the 1920’s and 30’s was very different from the country it is today, however the one thing that has remained the same is Canada's love for hockey. Canada was built on hockey; it brought families together. Hockey Night in Canada became a weekly Saturday night tradition as families would gather in a room with a radio and listen attent­ively as Foster Hewitt would describe the game with enthus­iasm.

The show became a sign of hope for Canadians all over the country. After World War One, many Canadians turned to hockey as a pastime to celebrate life after war. Then during the Great Depres­sion, it became a distra­ction from everyday stress. Hockey Night in Canada allowed for people to forget about their worries for a few hours and enjoy time with their families. Unfort­una­tely, during this time the NHL was suffering financ­ially thus affecting Hockey Night in Canada. The league crashed in 1929 and lost 40 percent of its franchises between the years of 1931 to 1942 as a result of the Great Depres­sion.

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): monetary measure of the market value of all the final goods and services produced in a period of time, often annually.

Disposable Income: income remaining after deduction of taxes and other mandatory charges, available to be spent or saved as one wishes.

Branch Plant: Canadian a plant or factory in Canada belonging to a company whose headqu­arters are in another country

Bull Market: a market in which share prices are rising, encour­aging buying.

What is Abstract Art? What is Abstract Arts’ purpose? Anything/ an idea that doesn’t already exist, something that doesn’t have physical or concrete existence Abstract aren’t isn’t meant to visually represent anything physically recogn­izable or objective Abstract art is often mislead to be a mystery as to why it can be “over-­pri­ced”. In reality, certain shapes and colours hold symbolic value to the viewer, or the artist themself Because of the introd­uction of modernism, a newer generation of culture, and most import­antly, photog­raphy, abstract art is NOT meant to be pleasing due to its accuracy in reality, but pleasing due to its colour, shape, compos­ition, etc. Abstract art is blamed on the introd­uction of photog­raphy techno­logy. Tradit­ional realist artist could not compete with a camera, and because of this, had to create art pieces quicker.

DADAISM - WHAT IS IT? WHY DOES IT MATTER? The name “DADA” has unclear origins. Most believe it’s meaning is supposedly a nonsense word, others believe it derives of the Romanian word “DADA” which means “yes yes” DADA was an art movement formed during WW1, and was a clear negative reaction to the horrors of war. DADA mocked materi­alism, and the art created from DADA was not thought of aesthe­tic­ally. Born in Zurich Unlike futurist, DADA was anti-war. But also anti-m­ission. They just wanted to shame the WW1. DADA was designed to be misund­ers­tood. In tune with the modern art movement, where the world’s culture was moving away from the tradit­ional means of copying an image, (due to the introd­uction of photog­raphy) DADA art was supposed to be spastic. The rapid change in modern art left tradit­ional art unequipped to represent the modern world, and is why DADA art was created. DADA rejected ration­ality, and was made in a way that any artist could create whatever they liked. On the subject of DADA, Hans Victor said; “...it was an artistic revolt against art” Art and literature were created by mostly men who had already fought in the war, in order to reveal the reality of what the true war experience is, unlike what propaganda explains or portrays DADA heavily influenced all abstract art mediums (cubism, futurism, etc), but was most evident in surrealism in North American Artists. DADA art often focused on the lifestyle of a common soldier. What makes the art of the early 20th century different, is that in no time in history has humans ever heavily focused on anyone other than the higher power (be it a King, Pharaoh, etc) DADA artist shared a sensib­ility, but not a same style. DADA artists rejected mass media and propag­anda. DADA supporters had lost faith in their culture, and essent­ially wanted to start the world from scratch.

FASHION: ● An image synonymous with the 1920s, flappers were rebellious women, known for their: short, fringed dresses, bobbed haircuts. They could be found around dance-­halls and speake­asies, dancing the charleston to jazz music. ● Men also dresses up in jazz suits, suits with shortened pant legs made from fine materials.

MUSIC AND CULTURE ● Jazz music was most popular ● Some famous mass musicians are: Louis D. Armstrong, Jelly Roll Morton, Benny and Goodman. ● Popular dance styles included: Charleston and the Lindy Hop

POPULAR SLANG: Apples­auce: nonsense! Baloney: nonsense! Banana Oil: nonsense Giggle Water: alcohol Speakeasy: a bar that sold liquor illegally Swanky: elegant, fancy Ritzy: elegant, fancy The Bees Knees: excellent, high quality

Men vs. Women Men were seen as the athletes who competed in sports while the women were supposed to be on the sideline cheering. Women weren't seen as equal in joining the Olympics however their outsta­nding perfor­mance in these games proved that they deserved a spot on the team. The women were margin­alized by sexist assump­tions because it was thought that women women inherently lacked the stamina and strength required to compete in Olympi­c-c­alibre athletics.

Canadian Female Olympians “The Matchless Six” The first canadian women to attend the olympics were Fanny “Bobbie” Rosenfeld, Jean Thompson, Ethel Smith, Myrtle Cook, Ethel Cather­wood, and Florence “Jane” Bell. These six women are known as the “Matchless Six” this name given to them for their outsta­nding perfor­mance in the qualifying heats in the opening days of the games. Their partic­ipation remained a conten­tious topic of debate among Canadian organi­zers. Of the 5 events offered to women, the Matchless Six won four medals and took first place in unofficial points standings in women's track and field events , including: both bronze and silver in 100m, 4th place in 800m, gold in 4x100 relay and gold for high jump. The female 4 by 100 relay team from Canada was comprised of Fanny Rosenfeld, Ethel Smith, Myrtle Cook and Florence Bell

When did it start and when did it end? It started in 1929 and ended in 1939.

Who were some famous people during the Great Depres­sion? Nellie McClung, an important Canadian in the Great Depres­sion, became the first woman to be appointed to the CBC Board of Governors. Throughout the 1930s, she wrote many newspaper articles, short stories, and a novel on women’s rights, and was also a member of the Famous 5. She fought for the United church women to be ordained. R.B. Bennett was the prime minister of Canada from 1930 to 1935, and was a conser­vative. He told all Canadians that he would fight to end unempl­oyment or perish in the attempt. Unfort­una­tely, he lost the election in 1935 to William Lyon Mackenzie King, and had to move to London because everyone disliked him. Cairine Wilson became the first female senator in 1930, and the founder of the Ottawa Liberal Women’s Club. She had served on the senate until her death in 1962. She had been recognized for many things, such as supporting refugees and the first female president of the league of nations society in Canada.

1. “What A Wonderful World” is written by Louis Armstrong. 2. This time of music was called the Jazz Age. 3. The Charleston is a type of Dance. 4. Jazz was founded in New Orleans, United States. 5. The Jazz age ended when the Great Depression began.

11. Before jazz music, patriotic and sentim­ental songs were sung for the soldiers lost in the war. 12. Flappers danced to jazz in clubs and speake­asies. 13. Jazz has been a key influence on Hip-Hop in particular because Jazz itself was inspired by slave songs and southern blues. 14. The Charleston was created by James P. Johnson. 15. Dance marathons were held at clubs, people who kept dancing longest won. 16. After the war, Canada had and economic breakt­hrough.

The 1920s was “The Golden Twenties” for Canadians. After WW1, there were many different types of entert­ainment that formed in Canada. Things like dance, music, radio, and films were the newest hottest sources of entert­ain­ment.

Talkie - in the 1920’s talkies or talking pictures were movies or short films that includes synchr­onized audible dialogue rather than readable text plates. It was a term widely used in the late 1920s and early 1930s to distin­guish sound films from silent films.

Radio The radio was a new source of entert­ainment in the 1920s It’s considered to be the greatest invention of all time The radio stations broadc­asted everything over the radio from News and music and sports and community announ­cements The radio provided an inexpe­nsive source of entert­ainment in homes. The most popular type of music played over the radio was jazz.