Cheatography
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muscle functions and where to find
Muscles of scalp, face and neck
Occipitalis |
pulls scalp posteriorly (occipital and temporal bone) |
Frontalis |
elevates eyebrows (epicranial aponeurosis) |
Temporalis |
closes jaw (zygomatic bone) |
Buccinator |
compress cheeks (alveolar process of maxilla/mandible) |
Mentalis |
Elevates lower lip (incisive fossa of mandible) |
Orbicularis Oculi |
closes eyes (orbit) |
Orbicularis oris |
Purses lips (mandible) |
Levator labii superioris |
Elevates upper lips (inferior margin of orbit) |
Masseter |
closes jaw (zygomatic arch) |
Zygomaticus major |
retracts and elevates corners of mouth (zygomatic bone) |
Sternocleidmastoid |
Together: Flex neck. Alone:turns face to opposite side (sternal end of clavicle and manubrium) |
Digastric |
depressed mandible (inferior surface of mandible/temporal bone) |
Platysma |
depresses mandible (acromion of scapula) |
Depressor labii inferioris |
depresses lower lip (mandible) |
Mylohyoid |
elevates hyoid bone (mandible) |
Muscles of the arm
Coracobrachialis |
flexion and abduction of arm (coracoid process of scapula) |
Biceps brachii |
flexion of forearm |
Triceps brachii |
forearm extension |
Brachioradialis |
forearm flexion |
Brachialis |
flexes forearm |
Muscles of anterior leg
Tibialis anterior |
prime mover of dorsiflexion |
Leg and forearm
Extensor digitorum |
extends fingers |
Extensor digitorum |
extends toes |
Leg and forearm
Extensor digitorum |
extends fingers |
Extensor digitorum |
extends toes |
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Superficial muscles of thorax and back
Pectoralis major |
prime mover of arm flexion (sternal end of clavicle) |
Pectoralis minor |
Protracts and rotates scapula downward (ribs 3-5) |
Trapezius |
Stabilizes, elevates, and rotates scapula (occipital bone) |
Deep muscles of the thorax and back
Internal intercostal |
depression of rib cage (superior border of rib cage) |
External intercostal |
elevation of rib cage (inferior border of rib cage) |
Diaphragm |
prime mover of inspiration (inferior surface of rib cage) |
Serratus anterior |
rotates scapula upward (anterior surface of scapula) |
Rhomboids |
stabilizes scapula (spinous process of C7 and T1) |
Muscles of the abdominal region
Rectus abdominus |
Flex and rotates lumbar region of vertebral column |
Internal oblique |
compress abdominal wall |
External oblique |
compress abdominal wall |
Muscles crossing the shoulder joint
Subscapularis |
medial rotation of arm |
Latissimus dorsi |
prime mover of arm extension |
Supraspinatus |
Initiates abduction of arm (near traps) |
Infraspinatus |
laterally rotates arm (scapula) |
Teres major |
extends and medially rotates and adducts arm |
Deltoid |
prime mover of arm abduction (acromion and spine of scapula) |
Muscles of posterior leg
Gastrocnemius |
Plantar flexion of foot |
Soleus |
Plantar flexion of foot (deep) |
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Muscles of the forearm
Pronator teres |
pronates forearm (medial epicondyle of humerus) |
Palmaris longus |
tenses skin of palm during hand movement (medial epicondyle of humerus) |
Flexor carpi radialis |
flexion of hand |
Flexor carpi ulnaris |
Flexes and adducts hand |
Extensor carpi radialis longus |
extends hand |
Extensor carpi radialis brevis |
extends and abducts hand |
Extensor carpi ulnaris |
extends hand |
Adductor pollicis |
adducts and helps oppose the thumb |
Extensor pollicis brevis |
Extends thumb |
Muscles of anterior thigh
Sartorius |
flexes and abducts thigh |
Pectineus |
Adducts and medially rotates thigh |
Adductor longus |
Adducts and medially rotates thigh |
Adductor magnus |
Adducts and medially rotate and flexes thigh |
Gracilis |
adducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates the leg |
Rectus femoris |
extends leg and flexes thigh |
Vastus lateralis |
extends leg and stabilizes knee |
Vastus intermedius |
extends leg |
vastus medialis |
extends leg |
Muscles of the posterior thigh
Gluteus maximus |
extends thigh |
Gluteus medius |
abducts and medially rotates thigh |
Biceps femoris |
Extends thigh and flexes leg |
Semitendinosus |
extends thigh and flexes leg |
Semimembranosus |
extends thigh and flexes leg |
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