Rohingya Alphabet
Letter |
IPA |
Pronunciation |
Examples |
A a |
/ɑ/ |
as in 'father' |
anḍa, asman |
à ã |
/ɑ̃/ |
nasalized /ɑ/ |
ãi, tũi |
B b |
/b/ |
as in 'boy' |
bái, bou |
D d |
/d/ |
as in 'dog' |
dan, deho |
Ḍ ḍ |
/ɖ/ |
*see note below |
ḍõr, ḍak |
E e |
/e/ |
as in 'bed' |
enaš, egena |
Ẽ ẽ |
/ẽ/ |
nasalized /ẽ/ |
fẽsa, kẽs |
F f |
/f/ |
as in 'fun' |
fuwa, fani |
G g |
/ɡ/ |
as in 'go' |
gór, gula |
H h |
/h/ |
as in 'home' |
hana, hat |
I i |
/i/ |
as ee in 'sheep' |
isamas, iin |
Ĩ ĩ |
/ĩ/ |
nasalized /i/ |
gĩyu |
J j |
/d͡ʒ/ |
as in 'jam' |
januwar |
K k |
/k/ |
as in 'car' (soft k) |
kitab, kura |
L l |
/l/ |
as in 'lap' |
lal, lamba |
M m |
/m/ |
as in 'man' |
mas, miyula |
N n |
/n/ |
as in 'name' |
nak, nun |
O o |
/ɔ/ |
as oo in 'door' |
ošuk, oran |
Õ õ |
/ɔ̃/ |
nasalized /ɔ/ |
õṛi, õl |
P p |
/p/ |
as in 'pet' (soft p) |
in loan/foreign words |
R r |
/ɾ/ |
as in Italian 'primo' |
ruṭi, rari |
Ṛ ṛ |
/ɽ/ |
*see note below |
ṛaṭ |
S s |
/s/ |
as in 'same' |
sini, sul |
Š š |
/ʃ/ |
as sh in 'ship' |
šõṛo, šohor |
T t |
/t/ |
as in French 'très' |
tormus, tũi |
Ṭ ṭ |
/ʈ/ |
voiceless /ɖ/ |
ṭayon, ṭala |
U u |
/u/ |
as oo in 'noon' |
usol |
Ũ ũ |
/ũ/ |
nasalized /u/ |
kũir, ũṭ |
V v |
/v/ |
as in 'visa' |
in loan/foreign words |
W w |
/w/ |
as in 'wax' |
wada |
Y y |
/j/ |
as in 'year' |
iyan |
Z z |
/z/ |
as in 'zebra' |
zaga, zuta |
Pronouncing retroflexed consonants
Ḍ ḍ, Ṛ ṛ, Ṭ ṭ are retroflexed sounds that pronounced with the underside of the tongue curled up just behind the alveolar ridge. |
Lengthened Consonants
IPA |
Written as |
Example |
Gloss |
/jː/ |
jj |
aijja |
today |
/ʃː/ |
šš |
biššaš |
faith |
/gː/ |
gg |
beggun |
all |
Lengthened consonants are marked by doubling the symbol. Example list is not exhaustive.
Lengthened Vowels
IPA |
Written as |
Example |
Gloss |
/iː/ |
ii |
iin |
"these" |
/oː/ |
oo |
hoor |
"clothes" |
/uː/ |
uu |
duud |
"milk" |
Long vowels are marked by doubling the vowel symbol.
Short and long vowels can contrast in meaning, e.g.: hoor "clothes" vs. hor "(you) say".
Stressed Vowels
á |
bái vs. bai - "brother" vs. "through" |
ó |
gór vs. gor - "house" vs. "(you) do" |
Stress markers are only used on a few words where context is not enough to determine meaning.
Diphthongs
IPA |
Written as |
Pronunciation |
Examples |
/ɑ͡i/ |
ai |
as in 'bye' |
bái, fuwain |
/e͡i/ |
ei |
as in 'day' |
beil, leikke |
/ɔ͡i/ |
oi |
as in 'boy' |
boin, boišše |
/ɔ͡u/ |
ou |
as in 'home' |
bou |
/u͡i/ |
ui |
as in Spanish 'muy' |
dui, tui |
/ã͡i/ |
ãi |
nasalized /ɑ͡i/ |
ãi (1SG) |
/ũ͡i/ |
ũi |
nasalized /u͡i/ |
tũi (2SG.hon) |
Diphthongs in Rohingya are treated as a single sound.
Vowel glides
IPA |
Written as |
Examples |
/ua/ |
uwa |
fuwa, januwar |
/ũa/ |
ũwa |
tuwara |
/ia/ |
iya |
ṭiya, iyan |
/ie/ |
iye |
diye, giye |
/io/ |
iyo |
giyos, niyom |
/iu/ |
iyu |
niyula, diyum |
/ĩu/ |
ĩyu |
gĩyu |
/uo/ |
uwo |
uwore, šuwor |
/ue/ |
uwe |
bouwe |
Glides are written with semivowels to avoid breaking the rules for Rohingya syllable structure. Ref: LearnRohingya.com for more details.
|
|
Consonant ending stems and suffixes
|
Lengthen last stem consonant when the suffix is -an, -un or -wa. manuš + -wa manuššwa
hãt + -an hãttan
holom + -un holommun
|
|
Insert /g/ when stem ends with /r/ and suffix is -an, -un, or -wa. sair + -wa sairgwa
gór + -an górgan
bandor + -un bandorgun
|
|
Insert /o/ when the stem ends with a consonant and the suffix is -r. šohor + -r šohoror
|
Loan words can deviate from the insertion rules above.
Vowel ending stems and suffixes
|
Insert /y/ when stem ends with a vowel and suffix is -e. hiba + -e hibaye
fuwa + -e fuwaye
|
|
Insert /g/ when stem ends with a vowel and suffix is -an or -un. fara + -an faragan
azadi + -un azadigun
|
Rohingya keyboard - Additional dead key
Rohingya keyboard - Consonants
PC* |
MacOS |
Base |
Result |
; |
; |
D |
Ḍ |
; |
; |
d |
ḍ |
; |
; |
R |
Ṛ |
; |
; |
r |
ṛ |
; |
; |
S |
Š |
; |
; |
s |
š |
; |
; |
T |
Ṭ |
; |
; |
t |
ṭ |
* Windows 10 / 8.1 / 8 / 7 and Linux
First press ";" and then press the consonant.
To type semicolon, press ";" and then Spacebar.
Rohingya keyboard - Nasalized vowels
PC |
MacOS |
Base |
Result |
; |
; |
A |
à |
; |
; |
a |
ã |
; |
; |
E |
Ẽ |
; |
; |
e |
ẽ |
; |
; |
I |
Ĩ |
; |
; |
i |
ĩ |
; |
; |
O |
Õ |
; |
; |
o |
õ |
; |
; |
U |
Ũ |
; |
; |
u |
ũ |
First press ; key and then the corresponding vowel key.
Rohingya keyboard - Stressed vowels
PC |
MacOS |
Base |
Result |
´ |
⌥ +e |
A |
Á |
´ |
⌥ +e |
a |
á |
´ |
⌥ +e |
E |
É |
´ |
⌥ +e |
e |
é |
´ |
⌥ +e |
O |
Ó |
´ |
⌥ +e |
o |
ó |
´ = Acute (usually below the ESC-key) / ⌥ = Option key
On PC, first pressing ´ and then the vowel.
On MacOS, first pressing Option+e and then the vowel.
|
Created By
learnrohingya.com
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