Cheatography
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Anatomical Position and Positional Terms
This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.
Anatomical Planes
Planes |
Movement Exercise |
Sagittal |
up/down, forward/backward ME |
Lateral |
side to side ME |
Transverse |
Rotation ME, push up, bench press, flys |
Directional Terms
Term |
Meaning |
Example usage |
Medial |
toward the median |
heart is medial to lungg |
lateral |
away from the median |
eyes are lateral to the nose |
Anterior |
In front of or front |
sternum anterior to the heart |
Posterior |
In behind of or behind |
lung is posterior to the heart |
Prone |
lying facing down |
chest on the floor |
supine |
lying facing up |
back on the floor |
superior |
above |
head is superior to body |
inferior |
below |
hips inferior to the shoulder |
Planes & Movement Terms
Term |
Meaning |
Example Exercise/Movement |
Flexion |
decreasing joint angle |
biceps curl |
Extension |
straighten a joint |
elbow straighten |
Abduction |
away from the body |
lateral raise |
Adduction |
towards the body |
lateral raise |
Elevation |
raises vertically in frontal plane |
shoulder shrug |
Depression |
lowering in same plane |
shoulder shrug |
Protraction |
anterior move. in the transverse plane |
chest contraction |
Retraction |
posterior move. in transverse plane |
chest retraction |
Circumduction |
one part is stationary other makes circular motion |
arm circling |
Rotation |
bones spins in longitudinal axis |
hip rotation/forehand-backhand stroke |
Supination |
forearm movement-palm is up |
arm supine |
Pronation |
palm facing down |
arm prone |
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Synovial Joints
-The most familiar type of joint.
-Most structurally complex type of joint.
Most likely to develop uncomfortable and crippling dysfunctions. |
Classifications of Synovial
Classification |
Meaning |
Example |
Ball and Socket |
multi axial joint |
shoulder, hip |
Condylar (ellipsoid) |
biaxial joint |
wrist and bases of fingers |
Saddle Joint |
saddle shaped- concave in 1 direction-biaxial |
thumb and sternoclavicular joint (clavicle) |
Plane (Gliding) |
bone surfaces are flat- adjacent bones slide each other-biaxial |
carpal, tarsal, vertebrae |
Hinge |
monoaxial-like door hinge |
elbow, knee, fingers, toes |
Pivot |
monoaxial which joint spins on longitudinal axis |
atlantoaxial of first 2 vertebrae, radioulnar at the elbow |
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