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Histology 1 Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

histology unit histology unit histology unit

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Histology

Histology
the study of tissue
Tissue
a group struct­urally and functi­onally related cells and their external enviro­nment that together perform common functions
 
tissues share 2 basic compon­ents: all tissues consist of discrete population of cells that are related in structure and function
 
all tissues have a surrou­nding material called extrac­ellular matrix (ECM)
Types of Tissues
are defined by the kind and number of cells, the amount and compos­ition of ECM and their specific functions
 
Epithelial tissues
•tightly packed sheets
   
•no visible ECM
   
•cover and line all body surfaces and cavities
   
•forms secretory glands
 
Connective Tissues
•connect all the other tissues in the body to one another
   
•ECM is a prominent feature for most connective tissues types with cells scattered throughout
   
•bind, support, protect, and allow for transp­ort­ation of substances
   
•fill internal spaces
   
•provide structural support and energy
 
Muscle Tissue
•contracts to produce movement and force
   
•skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, and smooth muscle
   
little ECM between cells
 
Nervous Tissue
consist of cells capable of genera­ting, sending, receiving messages, and cells that support this activity all within a unique ECM
   
conduct electrical impulses
   
carries inform­ation

Cell Junctions

Cell Junctions
another way cells bind to one another where neighb­oring cell's plasma membranes are linked by integral proteins
3 Major Types of Cell Junctions
tight junctions ( occluding junctions )
hold cells closely together such that the space between is imperm­eable to the movement of macrom­ole­cules
 
desmosomes
allow for materials in the ECF to pass through the space between cells
 
gap junctions
small pores formed by protein channels between adjacent cells that allow small substances to flow freely between each cells cytoplasm
 

The Extrac­ellular Matrix (ECM)

Extrac­ellular matrix (ECM)
composed of substances in a liquid, thick gel, or solid that surround the cells of a tissues
 
2 Components
Ground Substance
   
Protein Fibers
ECM Functions
provides the tissue with strength to resist tensile (stret­ching) and compre­ssive forces
 
directs cells to their proper positions within a tissue and holds those cells in place
 
regulates the develo­pment, mitotic activity, and survival of cells in a tissue
Ground Substance
Makes up most of ECM and consists of extrac­ellular fluid (ECF) and their compon­ents: water, nutrients, and ions
 
also found: three families of macrom­ole­cules, glycos­ami­ngo­glycans (GAGs), proteo­gly­cans, and cell-a­dhesion molecules (CAMs)
Protein Fibers
long molecules composed of multiple fibrous subunits with a ropelike structure with enormous tensile strength
 
embedded within the ground substance
j
 
3 Types of Protein Fibers
 
Collagen Fibers
composed of multiple repeating subunits that form a white fibrous protein that is resistant to tension ( pulling and stretching forces) and pressure
 
Elastic Fibers
composed of the protein elastin surrounded by glycop­roteins
 
f
has the property of extens­ibility that allows the fiber to stretch up to one and a half times its resting length without breaking
   
give elasticity
 
Reticular Fibers
a thin short collagen fiber, form a meshwork that support the cells and ground substance of many tissues
   
form web-like structure in organs like the spleen that help trap foreign cells

Cell Junctions

Cell Junctions

Cell Junctions

  

The Extrac­ellular Matrix (ECM)

Ground Substance and Protein Fibers

Collagen

Elastic Fibers

Reticular Fibers