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Mitosis and the Cell Cycle Cheat Sheet (DRAFT) by

Mitosis Study Guide for College Students

This is a draft cheat sheet. It is a work in progress and is not finished yet.

Defini­tions

Mitosis
A type of cell division by which one cell divides to produce two new geneti­cally identical cells
Chromatin
loose, uncond­ensed complex of DNA and histones
Chromosome
Highly, condensed structure of DNA and Histones
Karyotype
A visual display of chromo­somes in a cell
Homologous Pairs
Similar, but not identical; Have the same genes at the same locations, but have different alleles
Allele
Different versions of the gene
Diploid
two versions of each gene
Haploid
one version of each gene
Somatic Cell
Body cells
Germ-line Cell
Diploid stem cells that reside in the testes in males and the ovaries in females
Gamete Cells
Sperm and egg cells

Steps of Mitosis

Interphase
Takes place before mitois
Prophase
Chromatin condenses into chromo­somes; nuclear membrane breaks down
Metaphase
chromo­somes align in the middle of the cell
Anaphase
spindle fibers pull chromo­somes apart
Telophase
Nuclei form at opposite sides of the cell
Cytoki­nesis
splitting of the cytoplasm

Cancer

Cancer Cells
divide uncont­rol­lably
Causes
UV Radiation, Carcin­ogens, Inherited cancer gene, DNA damage or mutations
 

Mitosis Diagram

Why Mitosis?

Growth and Develo­pment
Repair and Regene­ration
Asexual Reprod­uction

Steps of Cell Cycle

G1 Phase
Growth Phase 1, Cells grow and perform normal cell function
S Phase
DNA synthesis occurs, DNA is still uncond­ensed
G2 Phase
Growth Phase 2, Cell gets larger, cell gets ready for division by duplic­ating organelles
Cytoki­nesis
Division of the cytoplasm
G1 Checkpoint
Cell checks for nutrient availa­bility
G2 Checkpoint
Checks for accurate DNA replic­ation; if wrong may repair of cell death
Metaphase Checkpoint
cell checks that spindle fibers are correctly attached to sister chromatids

Basics of Mitosis

Who?
Almost all cells (Plants, Animals, Plants, Fungi, Bacteria, Protists)
What?
One diploid cell splits to form 2 geneti­cally identical diploid cells
Where?
Somatic cells
When?
Contin­uously, although some cells only divide during develo­pment
Why?
Growth and develo­pment, repair and regene­ration, asexual reprod­uction
How?
Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase