Python sys Variables
| argv |
Command line args |
| builtin_module_names |
Linked C modules |
| byteorder |
Native byte order |
| check_interval |
Signal check frequency |
| exec_prefix |
Root directory |
| executable |
Name of executable |
| exitfunc |
Exit function name |
| modules |
Loaded modules |
| path |
Search path |
| platform |
Current platform |
| stdin, stdout, stderr |
File objects for I/O |
| version_info |
Python version info |
| winver |
Version number |
Python sys.argv
| sys.argv[0] |
foo.py |
| sys.argv[1] |
bar |
| sys.argv[2] |
-c |
| sys.argv[3] |
qux |
| sys.argv[4] |
--h |
sys.argv for the command:
$ python foo.py bar -c qux --h
Python os Variables
| altsep |
Alternative sep |
| curdir |
Current dir string |
| defpath |
Default search path |
| devnull |
Path of null device |
| extsep |
Extension separator |
| linesep |
Line separator |
| name |
Name of OS |
| pardir |
Parent dir string |
| pathsep |
Patch separator |
| sep |
Path separator |
Registered OS names: "posix", "nt",
"mac", "os2", "ce", "java", "riscos"
Python Class Special Methods
| __new__(cls) |
__lt__(self, other) |
| __init__(self, args) |
__le__(self, other) |
| __del__(self) |
__gt__(self, other) |
| __repr__(self) |
__ge__(self, other) |
| __str__(self) |
__eq__(self, other) |
| __cmp__(self, other) |
__ne__(self, other) |
| __index__(self) |
__nonzero__(self) |
| __hash__(self) |
| __getattr__(self, name) |
| __getattribute__(self, name) |
| __setattr__(self, name, attr) |
| __delattr__(self, name) |
| __call__(self, args, kwargs) |
| |
Python List Methods
| append(item) |
pop(position) |
| count(item) |
remove(item) |
| extend(list) |
reverse() |
| index(item) |
sort() |
| insert(position, item) |
Python String Methods
| capitalize() * |
lstrip() |
| center(width) |
partition(sep) |
| count(sub, start, end) |
replace(old, new) |
| decode() |
rfind(sub, start ,end) |
| encode() |
rindex(sub, start, end) |
| endswith(sub) |
rjust(width) |
| expandtabs() |
rpartition(sep) |
| find(sub, start, end) |
rsplit(sep) |
| index(sub, start, end) |
rstrip() |
| isalnum() * |
split(sep) |
| isalpha() * |
splitlines() |
| isdigit() * |
startswith(sub) |
| islower() * |
strip() |
| isspace() * |
swapcase() * |
| istitle() * |
title() * |
| isupper() * |
translate(table) |
| join() |
upper() * |
| ljust(width) |
zfill(width) |
| lower() * |
Methods marked * are locale dependant for 8-bit strings.
Python File Methods
| close() |
readlines(size) |
| flush() |
seek(offset) |
| fileno() |
tell() |
| isatty() |
truncate(size) |
| next() |
write(string) |
| read(size) |
writelines(list) |
| readline(size) |
Python Indexes and Slices
| len(a) |
6 |
| a[0] |
0 |
| a[5] |
5 |
| a[-1] |
5 |
| a[-2] |
4 |
| a[1:] |
[1,2,3,4,5] |
| a[:5] |
[0,1,2,3,4] |
| a[:-2] |
[0,1,2,3] |
| a[1:3] |
[1,2] |
| a[1:-1] |
[1,2,3,4] |
| b=a[:] |
Shallow copy of a |
Indexes and Slices of a=[0,1,2,3,4,5]
| |
Python Datetime Methods
| today() |
fromordinal(ordinal) |
| now(timezoneinfo) |
combine(date, time) |
| utcnow() |
strptime(date, format) |
| fromtimestamp(timestamp) |
| utcfromtimestamp(timestamp) |
Python Time Methods
| replace() |
utcoffset() |
| isoformat() |
dst() |
| __str__() |
tzname() |
| strftime(format) |
Python Date Formatting
| %a |
Abbreviated weekday (Sun) |
| %A |
Weekday (Sunday) |
| %b |
Abbreviated month name (Jan) |
| %B |
Month name (January) |
| %c |
Date and time |
| %d |
Day (leading zeros) (01 to 31) |
| %H |
24 hour (leading zeros) (00 to 23) |
| %I |
12 hour (leading zeros) (01 to 12) |
| %j |
Day of year (001 to 366) |
| %m |
Month (01 to 12) |
| %M |
Minute (00 to 59) |
| %p |
AM or PM |
| %S |
Second (00 to 61⁴) |
| %U |
Week number¹ (00 to 53) |
| %w |
Weekday² (0 to 6) |
| %W |
Week number³ (00 to 53) |
| %x |
Date |
| %X |
Time |
| %y |
Year without century (00 to 99) |
| %Y |
Year (2008) |
| %Z |
Time zone (GMT) |
| %% |
A literal "%" character (%) |
¹ Sunday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Sunday are considered to be in week 0.
² 0 is Sunday, 6 is Saturday.
³ Monday as start of week. All days in a new year preceding the first Monday are considered to be in week 0.
⁴ This is not a mistake. Range takes account of leap and double-leap seconds.
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This is a great cheatsheet. I'd add a few things, though I don't know what I would remove. I'd add dictionary methods, built-in functions (http://docs.python.org/library/functions.html), and the regular expression functions, since they are odd and I can never remember which one returns what.
Hi Dave, thanks for the opensource information. From a Newbie Pythionista wannabe
Thank you, Dave, for your generosity. This will be helpful in a course I'm taking on 'Programming Fundamentals with Python'.
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