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AP Statistics Unit 1 Cheat Sheet by

AP Statistics Unit 1 Study Guide

Terms to Know

Population
entire collection of indivi­duals or objects that inform­ation is gathered from
Sample
subsets of population that is randomly selected
Census
performed to gather inform­ation about an entire population
Descri­ptive Statistics
method of organizing and summar­izing data
Infere­ntial Statistics
making genera­liz­ations from a sample to a population
Variable
charac­ter­istics that make change
Data
actual observ­ations collected
Catego­rical Variable
no meaningful numerical value
Numerical Variable
measur­ements, can be averaged
Discrete Numerical
can only be specific values
Continuous Numerical
can be any value
Univariate
describes single charac­ter­istics
Symmet­rical Distri­bution
both sides of data are approx­imately the same when folded down the middle
Normal Distri­bution
bell-s­haped, occurs a lot in real life
Uniform Distri­bution
rectan­gular shaped
Skewed Distri­bution
one side is longer than the other
Bimodal
has two distinct maximums
Parameter
a fixed value about a popula­tion; typically unkown
Statistic
a value calculated from a sample that is used to estimate the parameter
Median
the middle of the data; 50th percentile
Mean
the arithmetic average
Mode
the observ­ation that occurs the most often
Resistant
when a statistic is not affected by outliers
Variab­ility
how spread out the data is
Standard Deviation
a measure of the average distance from the mean
Interq­uartile Range
the range of the middle 50% of the data
Variance
the average of the squared deviations
 

SOCCS

Shape
the distri­bution of the graph (symme­trical, uniform, normal, skewed, bimodal)
Outliers
values that are away from the rest of the data
Context
explain what the graph is showing
Center
describe the mean or median of the data
Spread
describe the range, IQR, or standard deviation of the data

Graph Types

Bar Graph
catego­rical, bars do not touch
Pie Graph
catego­rical, percen­tages, can be approx­imated
Dotplot
numerical, putting dots on a number line
Stem Plot
univariate numerical, must have a key
Discrete Histograms
numerical, bars touch, centered over discrete values
Continuous Histograms
numerical, bars touch, bars cover an intervals of values
Boxplot
displays percen­tages of data, constr­uction is subjec­tive, useful for compar­isons
Ogives
shows relative frequency, or percen­tiles for data

Formulas

Z-Score
Z = (value - mean)/­(st­andard deviation)
IQR
Q3 - Q1
Lower Fence
Q1 - 1.5(IQR)
Upper Fence
Q3 - 1.5(IQR)

Empirical Rule
 

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  • Published: 28th February, 2024

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