What is Biodiversity?
Biodiversity is a term used to describe the enormous variety of life on Earth. It can be used more specifically to refer to all of the species in one region or ecosystem. Biodiversity refers to every living thing, including plants, bacteria, animals, and humans. |
Biodiversity components |
Ecological diversity |
Biomes, Bioregions, Landscapes, Ecosystems, Habitats, Niches, Population |
Organismal diversity |
Kingdom, Phyla, Families, Genera, Species, Subspecies, Population, Individual |
Genetic diversity |
Population, Individual, Chromosome, Genes, Nucleotides |
Convation of Biodiversity
Convention on Biodiversity link |
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Set up in 1988 by United Nations Environnent Programme (UNEP) |
Have a group of experts and scientists |
Need to share costs between developed and developing countries |
It represents a dramatic step forward in the conservation of biological diversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the use of genetic resources. |
1992- 1993 received 168 signatures committing to change |
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Ecological diversity
The variation in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Ecological diversity can also take into account the variation in the complexity of a biological community, including the number of different niches, the number of and other ecological processes. |
Looking at diversity at a broder scale |
The approuch we now use to look at conserving diversity |
Can be dificult to distinguish between different Bimoes |
Wetland, Moors, Chalk Grassland |
Has a wide range of different species |
Can be within a very small area |
Organismal diversity
About the number and types of different individual species out there. |
Classification of species into groups |
Linked to lineage |
Full taxonomic diversity |
Names are meant to represent their decent. Understanding about species. |
Genus name change
Example of a Tomato plants name change and how using linage can get confusing |
1753: Linnaeus- Solanum lycopersicum |
1768: Miller- Lycopersicon esculentum |
1881: Karst- Lycopersicon lycopersicum |
1974: Nicolson- Lycopersicon lycopersicum |
1983: Lycopersicon esculentum (Miller) |
2001: Peralta & Spooner- Genetics put it in the Solanum genus |
Ongoing conflict with the name- including in the literature |
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Genetic Diversity
What makes a species the species it is? |
How does one individual differ from another? |
Can be a different number of Chomesones |
This is why Donkeys and Horses can't always mate |
Benefits of genetic diversity
Different varieties of wheat: |
> Environmental preferences |
> Seasonal preferences (winter) |
> Heat and drought tolerance |
> Yield |
> Resistance to disease or pests |
> Protein content |
Utilise wild and alternative varieties |
Genetic breeding and/or Genetic Modification |
Genetic Subspecies of Tiger
Genetic tests 2004 |
Identified 6 subspecies of tigers (and 3 extinct) |
Geographic isolation and morphological characteristics |
Bengal tiger, Amur tiger, South China tiger, Sumatran tiger, Indochinese tiger, and Malayan tiger |
Split around 100,000 years ago |
natural selection to adapt to different habitats. |
Very little gene flow between subspecies |
Conervation can be hard
Can't save every species |
Need to prioritise |
Different threats |
Some might be threatened by land use other by poaching. Need to focus on one problem rather than multiple |
If fousing on one Subspecies you don't have to travel as much as if you looked at the whole spieces |
Which is the most beneficial to save |
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